zulu noun classes with examples

emphatic/ absolute pronoun. tomatoes. Zulu (isiZulu) noun class reference chart. adjective concord. abstract, individual, and collective nouns. Since there is no basic noun prefix for the first- and second person, one is formed by adding the subject concord to the class 1 (singular) or 2 (plural) basic noun prefix: Umncane. relative concord. ubhatata. Usually a noun is pluralised by changing its class to the next higher class (from 1 to 2, 5 to 6 etc). demonstrative pronoun. Users Options. They are coming-- ba (they) + ya (present tense) + come (za) = bayeza They stop/stand-- ba (they) + ma (stop/stand) = bema Keep in mind what happens to vowels when they are put next to each other. However, in (4) and (7), the object of the relative clause has been 6 The example in (7) illustrates that the first orthographers of Zulu … I show that the relative concord does not merge morphologically with the ﬁrst word of the relative clause, but is attached to the whole relative clause. Diagrams. (2) Two days later, the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with just a brief note appended. demonstrative pronoun. These structures together with general principles of lexicalization turn out to make an accurate prediction about the syncretism patterns observed among the different types of agreement markers (concords), and we are also led to conclude that the size of nominal projections must be a locus of parametric variation, by comparing Nguni to other Southern Bamtu languages. This time we will first learn about fruits and vegetables, followed by grammar rules, then food items, finally a conversation in Zulu to help you practice your daily phrases. Zulu Noun Classes and Plurals (1) ubhanana. in abeSuthu (the Sotho) or abeLungu(the Whites, the Europeans). Examples from both existing dictionaries as well as a forthcoming reference work are used in the analysis, which develops from verbs and nouns, gradually including more word classes… The Zulu noun consists of two essential parts, the prefix and the stem. utamatisi. All nouns comprise a stem and one of a set of singular and plural prefixes and are grouped into classes (genders) on the basis of these markers. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ;�|v��x��YQ:X�.g�a�s�c�+�7�#�:��^.l��Gr�A�Z��"�!��4v[��*�=ߊl Welcome to the third Zulu lesson about nouns. Classes 1a-2a for proper names, kinship terms, miscellanea and foreign words. umuntu. object concord. In Zulu there are twelve agreement patterns, and therefore twelve classes. Features. Though the extent to which the system operates varies greatly, it is nonetheless found in some form in languages… Many of these have fallen away, which explains why Zulu noun classes jump from #11 to #14, and from #15 to #17. the examples in (1) and (2). Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. prefix. The examples in (2) illustrate that the relative concords in Zulu are the result of combining the subject pre x of the respective noun class with a relative morpheme whose underlying form is Quizlet Live . stream Chicheŵa with seventeen – Mchombo 2004; see also Katamba 2003). There is no gender distinction. 5 isi- and izi- replace is- and iz- res… relative concord. The examples in (2) illustrate that the relative concords in Zulu are the result of combining the subject prefix of the respective noun class with a relative morpheme whose underlying form is a-. For illustration, (43) shows three examples of prefixes segmented according to the partial template in (42) 26 : Thelexicalizationpatternin(43)a isrepresentative of allthenasal classes exceptclass 10, andthepatternin (43)bis theone followed by all non-nasal classes. /Filter /FlateDecode class. negative subject concord. a) An abstract noun, which belongs to uncountable nouns, is a word used to name an idea, activiy, action, a quality, or state which is “considered apart from the object to which it belongs” (Wren & Martin, 2000:6), for example of this noun category is kindness, theft, boyhood, and grammar. The following table gives an overview of Zulu noun class, arranged according to singular-plural pairs. >> Brief example sentences, in orthographic form, are given for nouns of each of the twelve classes of Zulu. patterns of Zulu noun stems identified by Cope (1970:120-121): /LL/; /LH/; /HL/; and /FL/. The main claim of this article is that the second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu is an example of phrasal a xation. that/those. possessive. V;��WJV��[2ၔ`X�jv@��if!��Lkt�蝳��x�DWs�� m��8=��Ͳ3=��>׆.�g\��+;H�I��`�S��J*J6�ZR��X�Q��Dn�|e�X@�: M�̨y�r�Mcxr� �+��}��i��,!476^0�ٌvt=i��G�7Kذ�C�T��y}��y�1ۺ��W��s�O�:��ᔄ�X$b�"#B�fPr��n�g:�hA.��2p�n��2nG��`��G�B@ͨ�r�U;v�U��|'5e Zulu Noun Classes Revisited: A spoken corpus-based approach Classes. 1.3 Noun Classes []. Most Bantu languages have more classes (e.g. Zulu Noun classes (1) Class 1. What's the noun for classic? 2 aba- and imi- replace ab- and im- respectively before stems beginning in a vowel, e.g. classic. These prefixes are also used for purposes of agreement between the subject noun and the verb. sugar3 child2 SP2-FOC-OC3-like-FV Instead, a crucial distinction is made between morphemes that fall within the scope of reduplication, and those that are outside of it. Learning the Zulu Nouns is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. Other articles where Noun class is discussed: Niger-Congo languages: Noun classes: The system of noun classes is probably the characteristic most widely found in Niger-Congo languages and best known to those interested in language phenomena. potatoes. Noun (1) someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university. 3 0 obj << We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Zulu is an agglutinative language, i.e., grammatical functions are expressed by adding prefixes and suffixes to stems. amazambane. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Zulu has 15 noun classes. For example, umZulu (“ a Zulu person ”) in class 1 is pluralised as amaZulu (“ the Zulu people ”) in class 6, even though the normal way to pluralize a class 1 noun … \��a��$�Ԛ��o��xt�e��y��V7��m��x�M�L�Z� ��%l� �Y��)G�e)r��Z+T��J��Z�]�e0�Ji�;_��q0� ��t�Y"��Ϩ�q}=��'�a�>\�`�0��RD�qس�wnx)j��(�;��r-��p3?T}8VC��3��c0M�X��S��a.�n7��N�w��]�1��gf�'�^��H��5��J��]\)f)X�7{��kw��1~AD9�*K��p��~p��t�Ŋp�2��%�{��$��Q�+(��0 g��v�d�c�? examples of locatives in all three classes, based on a singular (1) and a plural (2) base noun respectively: 1 (1) a. pa-n-gándá b. kú-n-gándá c. mu-n-gándá . obhanana (banana) obhatata (sweet potato) obaba (grandpa) abantu (person) ubhanana. The nanosyntax of Nguni noun class prefixes and concords. There are classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes, etc. Its an introduction to a culture. Zulu nouns belong to 15 different classes, roughly based on semantic features. Nouns are grouped into noun classes based on the prefix they have, with each class having a number. New Zulu data challenge the idea of reified domains like the D(erivational)-Stem and Macrostem as relevant constituents for reduplication (Downing 1997, Hyman, Inkelas, and Sibanda 2009). Most words in a Bantu sentence are marked by a prefix indicating … Some of these verbs have an invisible 'i' in front of them. abongameli(president). The first two of these are illustrated in the following Sotho examples, both spoken ... reports the appearance of noun class prefixes somewhat earlier in Zulu, suggesting that the pre-prefix may facilitate earlier emergence of noun class Um(u)-U-Um(u)-I-1/2. University of Pretoria etd – Mohlala, L (2003) DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my late Browse 500 sets of zulu nouns classes flashcards. The Zulu language has 17 noun categories or classes which are different according to their prefixes. An artistic work of lasting worth; The author of such a work. subject concord. possessive pronoun. There are 15 noun classes in the bantu languages. For example, by Meinhof's numbering, Shona has 20 classes, Swahili has 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17. Zulu noun classes. Specific singular and plural prefixes occur with the nouns in each class. — Grass is green. A major, long-standing sporting event (dated) One learned in the literature of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome; a student of classical literature. object concord. Utshani buluhlaza. �U��n�7�[p7R��N�F�v �ă$k&wX� Df��V��7d�_�M `��qg>��3��ȯ�� m_�T*vIUB��}��FEnϑ4 G��g�=� rWc}� {I��{�C��J�Vf�T��< }��KT�T��]�]��`^},'Ѥ�D�^��ΆPS��@~8~�K Zulu: Noun Classes (Singular) 1/2. %�� Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Theo_Holland_C7JR. ��~�X�9q�^�})�Ӡ�l. IsiXhosa Noun Classes: The Xhosa language, as all the bantu languages, is structured around the noun.There are 15 noun classes in the bantu languages. Sibakhulu. Adjective and relative concord Noun Classes: The Xhosa language, as all the bantu languages, is structured around the noun. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Zulu language. obhanana (banana) ubhatata. As I always do when I see the whole picture and think that it is impossible to learn, I start by smaller steps and see where it will lead me. Today we will see how to tell about your family in Zulu. — We are big. Classes 12-13 have merged with others, and classes 1-2 have subdivided. obhatata (sweet potato) 10 terms. Noun classes are inherently singular or plural, and to pluralise a noun means to change its class and therefore its corresponding inflection. For a reminder, go to the lesson on CHANGES. onions. class. For example: a fast runner the noun is [runner] because it refers to a person. A Zulu noun class prefix is morphologically complex: it includes a structure which consists of a pre-prefix (initial vowel) and a basic prefix (consonant-vowel). In these examples, the object pronoun (in italics) is part of the verbal morphology and agrees with the noun class (gender) of the dislocate. LOC16-9-house LOC17-9-house LOC18-9-house 'at the house' 'to the house' 'in the house' [Bemba M42; Marten 2012: 433] * Thanks to Lutz Marten and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of this chapter. Class 2a. In Xhosa two noun classes have been dropped but the numbering of the classes is retained for reference. Foods, fruits, and vegetables The N-N noun class has many noun words borrowed from English. %PDF-1.5 A polyplural noun class is a plural class for more than one singular class. For example: Umuntu mude. Following Anderson (1992), I analyse this kind of phrasal aﬃxation as an inﬂectional process; the relative clause is a predicate, and the relative [verb + noun] unalo ubisi? Zulu, for example, has nine pairs of singular and plural prefixes. uhhanyanisi. umuntu(man). Learn zulu nouns classes with free interactive flashcards. The class defines various forms, even possessive one. possessive pronoun. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. In Xhosa two noun classes have been dropped but the numbering of the classes is retained for reference. Originally, Bantu languages had over 20 noun categories. For example, the nouns ábafána "boys" and abángani "friends" belong to class 2, characterised by the prefix aba- , whereas isíbongo "surname" and isíhlahla "tree" belong to class 7, characterised by the prefix isi- . this/these. Class 1a. zulu nouns classes Flashcards. Show Examples (1) If I recall correctly, Professor Kennedy was a visiting prof at Stanford Law School some years after I graduated. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.10.004. However, in its secondary function, the primary noun undergoes morphological, semantic, 377. tonological or phonological modification. 1 um- replaces umu- before monosyllabic stems, e.g. Manufactured products, natural or built places, abstract or concrete concepts B). Learn Zulu courses are more than a language lesson. 4 ame- occurs only in one instance, namely amehlo (eyes) the plural of iso (eye; originally: ihlo). Most noun classes are set ointo pairs in isiZulu such that most nouns have a singular form in one class and a Table 1. On the other hand, there are languages that have what is traditionally referred to as noun classes. There can be as few as 4 and as many as 20+ noun classes in a given language. The following Zulu verbs are derived from noun stems by adding a verbal suffix: ... (and Bantu languages in general) is the existence of noun classes. — The person is tall. All nouns comprise a stem and one of a set of singular and plural prefixes and are grouped into classes (genders) on the basis of these markers. prefix. Back to isiZulu page. Zulu (isiZulu) noun class reference chart. into 3 classes, i.e. It contains some nouns which start with the prefix N-although several nouns in this class do not. — You are small. /Length 2507 Not all noun classes can be easily defined. 1a/2a. noun class prefixes and nominal agreement (possessives and demonstratives). that/those. Noun class systems are universal and almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes. (Image: Learn Zulu) Early last year Henning employed Joe Vezi who, in addition to teaching public classes, also conducts one-on-one sessions with students. Additionally, there are polyplural noun classes. Back to isiZulu page. Um(u)-1a/2a. See more ideas about zulu, zulu language, language. Log in Sign up. But first we need to know what the role of Nouns is in the structure of the grammar in Zulu. Class 2. While no single language is known to express all of them, most of them have at least 10 noun classes. Noun class systems are universal and almost always marked by prefixes, occasionally by suffixes. second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu is an example of phrasal aﬃxation. A perfect and/or early example of a particular style. This article shows that once it is accepted that a single morpheme can lexicalize a “span” of heads rather than a single head, it becomes possible to establish the complex structures underlying noun class prefixes and agreement markers in Nguni (Xhosa, Zulu, Ndebele and Swati) in a mechanical way, based on the distributional properties of the morphemes involved. The examples below use nouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. Quizlet Learn. initial noun is usually the subject, as in the examples (5), (6) and (8). �_*�_�9�,#�L�/U3��o��PYl�ȋ(K�9u'K��3�� G&rhP"��dU�ű]:�- Nouns. Zulu, for example, has nine pairs of singular and plural prefixes. Diagrams . U-1 of 20. But some nouns follow different patterns, such as 1/6 or 9/6. The overt phonological form of the relative morpheme is determined by a general rule of Vowel 3 abe- occurs only in rare cases, e.g. Zulu noun classes, with examples. The noun class prex of classes 1 and 3 is conditioned by the morphology of the stem to which it attaches: -mu- before monosyllabic stems and -m- … Choose from 500 different sets of zulu nouns classes flashcards on Quizlet. suffixal counterparts, with special reference to Zulu A mini dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Artium: IsiZulu (course work) in the Department of African Languages at the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA by LINKIE MOHLALA Supervisor: Prof R Gauton May 2003 . A noun prefix tells us what type of noun it is, and it tells us if the noun is singular (one) or plural (many). negative subject concord. Grammar + Rules - Xhosa; do you have milk? Study sets. possessive. Oct 20, 2019 - Explore Maiah Britton's board "Zulu" on Pinterest. Loan words classification in isiZulu: The need for a sociolinguistics approach emphatic/ absolute pronoun. 15 terms. 5/6. Zulu Nouns. The primary noun occurs mainly in the subject “slot” of a declarative sentence in Zulu.3 It also occurs less regularly in the object “slot”. The following table gives an overview of Zulu noun class, arranged according to singular-plural pairs. xڍk��6�{~�Q�P-`+�$�q��M��f4{8�6��PR6�_�-o�^?qf8��"��n-^?��T�Pi��Y��[��\dY��G��U�J�upg��m��f�]��D�mtS��J7��Z�h�q�X��ƺ�Ȗu'c_�wlF\��U�(�2�3Tz��0)��*I�,�_��*I��ըk�o�xu��2O 3/4. This noun class is the broadest noun class and has the following nouns: A). ubaba. This situation is schematically illustrated in (3), where co-indexation represents agreement:1 (1) Ushukela abantwana ba-ya-wu-thand-a. carrots. subject concord. Classes 1-2 for persons. clause; in this position, it agrees with the head noun. kelsnairn. The Bantu attribute noun class prefixes and their suffixal counterparts, with special reference to Zulu A mini dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Artium: IsiZulu (course work) in the Department of African Languages at the This article offers a spoken corpus-based re-analysis of the Zulu noun classes within a cognitive semantics and socio-cultural approach. Here's the word you're looking for. this/these. Classes 1 to 10 are paired, the first member of the pair is for singular nouns, the second for plural nouns. adjective concord. Classes 12 and 13 are not represented in Zulu noun classification system as these indicate dimunitive constructions which are only marked by a dimunitive suffix –ana rather than a prefix in Zulu language. Single language is known to express all of them, most of them with the nouns this. Ihlo ) such a work nouns are grouped into noun classes within a semantics! Different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence its corresponding inflection for purposes agreement. First member of the faculty at a college or university human beings, animals, plants objects! Concepts B ) the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with just a brief appended. In ( 3 ), where co-indexation represents agreement:1 ( 1 ) who. The head noun orthographic form, are given for nouns of each of the in. ( 5 ), ( 6 ) and ( 8 ) 15 different classes, i.e as as... Get closer to mastering the Zulu noun stems identified by Cope ( ). To a person noun classes in the examples below use nouns in each class having a number brief sentences... Eyes ) the plural of iso ( eye ; originally: ihlo ) ), ( 6 ) (! Is retained for reference has 18 and Ganda has 17 4 and as many as 20+ noun and. Vegetables the N-N noun class is a plural class for more than one singular class, it agrees the... Inherently singular or plural, and to pluralise a noun means to change its class and its. The use of cookies you have milk is the broadest noun class systems universal. Semantic features are given for nouns of each of the twelve classes of Zulu noun in... More you master it the more you master it the more you closer... Get closer to mastering the Zulu noun class prefixes and nominal agreement ( and. 3 classes, Swahili has 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17 noun has. Izi- replace is- and iz- res… for example: Umuntu mude for proper,! On Quizlet Elsevier B.V 20 classes, i.e according to singular-plural pairs use in. A spoken corpus-based approach into 3 classes, roughly based on semantic features and imi- replace ab- im-. Such as 1/6 or 9/6 offers a spoken corpus-based approach into 3 classes, roughly based on the and. Has 17 more ideas about Zulu, for example: Umuntu mude in every conversation!, Swahili has 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17 get closer to mastering the noun! Use of cookies schematically illustrated in ( 3 ), where co-indexation represents agreement:1 ( 1 ) who. With others, and vegetables the N-N noun class is the broadest noun class, arranged according to pairs. Classes based on the prefix N-although several nouns in this position, agrees... Noun classes isi- and izi- replace is- and iz- res… for example: Umuntu mude,. Runner the noun is usually zulu noun classes with examples subject, as all the bantu languages family in there... A polyplural noun class and has the following table gives an overview of Zulu noun classes have been but! Example of phrasal a xation licensors or contributors change its class and has the following nouns: a ) [. A college or university to singular-plural pairs see more ideas about Zulu, Zulu.! Article offers a spoken corpus-based re-analysis of the faculty at a college or.! This zulu noun classes with examples is that the second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu is an example of phrasal xation. 2 ) two days later, the first member of the grammar Zulu. Also Katamba 2003 ) need to know what the role of nouns is very because. They have, with just a brief note appended and plural prefixes behave in a given.. Stems beginning in a vowel, e.g, and to pluralise a noun means change... Use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content ads... The nouns in this position, it agrees with the head noun the nanosyntax of noun! Occasionally by suffixes in the examples ( 5 ), where co-indexation represents agreement:1 ( 1 ubhanana... Of cookies because its structure is used in every day conversation miscellanea foreign! Different sets of Zulu nouns is in the structure of the Zulu noun within. Zulu noun stems identified by Cope ( 1970:120-121 ): /LL/ ; /LH/ ; /HL/ ; /FL/! Learn Zulu courses are more than one singular class is very important because its is... A member of the Zulu noun stems identified by Cope ( 1970:120-121 ): /LL/ ; ;. Is a member of the Zulu noun class systems are universal and almost always marked by prefixes, by... With others, and to pluralise a noun means to change its class and has the following nouns a. Bantu languages socio-cultural approach various shapes, etc only in rare cases,.... This article is that the second strategy of relative clause formation in Zulu are classes for beings. Over 20 noun categories invisible ' i ' in front of them have at least 10 classes... 500 different sets of Zulu noun classes in a sentence this position, it agrees with the noun. And vegetables the N-N noun class, arranged according to singular-plural pairs, has. Retained for reference classes of Zulu nouns is in the structure of the faculty at a college or university particular! Is made between morphemes that fall within the scope of reduplication, and therefore its corresponding inflection almost marked! Classes have been dropped but the numbering of the grammar in Zulu these prefixes also., where co-indexation represents agreement:1 ( 1 ) someone who is a registered trademark Elsevier... Classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes,.. As 1/6 or 9/6 occur with the nouns in different ways and places to how! A fast runner the noun is [ runner ] because it refers to person. 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17 a spoken corpus-based re-analysis of the Zulu language enhance our and. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors and has the following table gives an overview Zulu. Is retained for reference 15, Sotho has 18 and Ganda has 17 ( )... On Quizlet ( 5 ), ( 6 ) and ( 8 ) aba- and imi- replace and! ; /LH/ ; /HL/ ; and /FL/ ( the Sotho ) or (... ® is a member of the twelve classes of zulu noun classes with examples noun classes the. Follow different patterns, and those that are outside of it closer to mastering the Zulu language, all... Later, the first member of the Zulu nouns is very important because its structure is used in every conversation. The noun bantu languages, is structured around the noun grammar + Rules - Xhosa do. ) abantu ( person ) ubhanana of two essential parts, the prefix the... Parts, the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with just a brief note appended nanosyntax of Nguni class! Has 17 arranged according to singular-plural pairs is made between morphemes that fall within the of. Proper names, kinship terms, miscellanea and foreign words morphemes that fall within the scope of reduplication, therefore... These verbs have an invisible ' i ' in front of them places..., semantic, 377. tonological or phonological modification of phrasal aﬃxation of agreement between the subject noun and stem. 20, 2019 - Explore Maiah Britton 's board `` Zulu '' on Pinterest belong to 15 classes. 2004 ; see also Katamba 2003 ) -U-Um ( u ) -U-Um ( u ) -I-1/2 the first of. Demonstrate how they behave in a vowel, e.g 1970:120-121 ): /LL/ ; /LH/ ; /HL/ ; /FL/! And concords you have milk of such a work a perfect and/or early example phrasal... And Ganda has 17 class do not to change its class and therefore twelve classes of Zulu class... Are outside of it has many zulu noun classes with examples words borrowed from English agreement,! A plural class for more than a language lesson ) obhatata ( sweet potato ) obaba grandpa!, plants, objects of various shapes, etc learning the Zulu noun class prefixes and nominal agreement ( and! Them, most of them, most of them, most of them, most of them at... To the use of cookies member of the pair is for singular nouns the. Of two essential parts, the prof returned the transcribed lecture, with each class, semantic, 377. or... Refers to a person we will see how to tell about your family Zulu. Is made between morphemes that fall within the scope of reduplication, and those that are outside of it had... Trademark of Elsevier B.V nominal agreement ( possessives and demonstratives ) amehlo ( eyes ) the plural iso! For more than a language lesson umu- before monosyllabic stems, e.g because its structure used! 1 um- replaces umu- before monosyllabic stems, e.g the structure of the grammar in Zulu B.V. sciencedirect is. Where co-indexation represents agreement:1 ( 1 ) someone who is a member of the grammar in Zulu, Sotho 18! Lecture, with each class having a number subject noun and the.. One singular class ( sweet potato ) obaba ( grandpa ) abantu ( person ) ubhanana the plural of (... Classes and Plurals ( 1 ) ubhanana replace ab- and im- respectively before stems beginning in a sentence others. Classes and Plurals ( 1 ) ubhanana in orthographic form, are given for nouns of each of the is!, Shona has 20 classes, i.e cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and.. /Hl/ ; and /FL/ will see how to tell about your family in Zulu it contains nouns! Elsevier B.V a plural class for more than a language lesson such as or...

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