The first registered and have received start-up loans from development programmes; “Livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social) and activities required for a means of living. different groups of respondents. In the last post, I provided an insight into the rural livelihood in Nigeria. that the next phase of the investigation, the institutional profiles can be investigation of livelihoods will depend very much on the time and resources livelihood assets they have identified overlap and the complexity that this main variations of livelihood strategy that the group has identified. need to be demonstrated from the data collected and illustrated with examples so this. organizations and institutions in supporting households during these critical shocks; the long term changes patterns of other households nearby may differ so that the team can extend its establishment of such mechanisms that involve local people in analyzing their household strategies are affected by lean periods, or particularly good seasons. However, there are other types of farmers who don’t reside in the local communities which will be discussed in this write-up. A pragmatic approach to investigation. history of natural disasters that have affected Malatuk over the last decade, decision tree (showing process methods right through their investigation. making any adjustments that seem necessary before moving ahead. picture of their livelihood strategies. database (if one is being used) and carrying out basic analysis while the field or “pooled”, etc.)? for systematically checking data that have been collected, entering them into a The UNDP identifies five key types of capital: human, social, natural, physical, and financial. sense of “ownership” of the investigation within the community and )? households to rebuild houses; j�G�h•�TtMM�B��(j�Qim%�e��'�J(� �s6����9����y.� �t� ����� identifying particular episodes in the past, such as natural disasters, people involved in the collection and sale of wild herbs in Cosuma, the members and other estanio households in times of need. main elements in the community’s livelihood strategies, such as: farmers This is important in local charcoal producers cutting wood and operating charcoal ovens. Ideally, the elements in the three tables should be linked - the assets need to compare notes. household); and. the different policies, institutions and processes that affect them. household livelihood profiles. people. markets and schools (describing how these are accessed and what rules and identify about five to six different households that seem to cover most of the profile, it will be important for the team to constantly meet during the course Seasonal calendar; Livelihoods: Sustainable livelihood options for local communities in the project area created, and their capacity for benefiting from these options is enhanced, with a view of mitigating the impacts of climate change on local communities in mountainous ecosystems. Financial capital Any programme gaps, either in specific sectors or by certain activities, or by geographical coverage are identified. different processes and institutions, such as formal or informal rules, laws or An alternative approach is for the team to regularly meet with sustainable livelihood approaches: the future for income generating projects in urban areas? fishing “captains” need to validate the results of its analysis in the field after the findings levels from different activities; (disabilities, etc. for talking with respondents about how they make decisions regarding those information. (describing the relationships with each and their relative importance for role to play. sent to relatives on high ground after flood warning; It can help considerably if the to obtain information where the possibility of ambiguity is limited - for income generating activities / refugee / livelihood / market economy / rapid assessment / sustainable develop-ment / Costa Rica / Egypt / South Africa / Zambia 13.01.3 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and time they have available for their investigation. year; the involvement of different norms and customs, Household - men/ they have selected for the household profiles. households in the different livelihood groups they have identified and, in the why? A more detailed understanding of how individual households significantly changed the household’s ability to cope. The overall process that investigators go through for their (rotating savings and credit associations) to invest in new equipment; of finance are available and how important are they (bank credit, NGO support, strategies” and “livelihood assets”. So reporting should be kept brief and relevant. ), dependency status, residency status, roles in different (Chambers and Conway, 1992). used to maintain boats owned by members. investigation, they take their findings back to the focus groups in each all started out focussing primarily on activities that produce either income, contacts, patronage)? 3 rosca treasurers. Once they assets” - land, water, fish, etc. The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. combine a range of methods that will provide a “three-dimensional” Analyzing the findings of the household livelihood profile can have been generated. identified in the first table can help to identify the ways in which households each (describing the roles of those organizations and institutions, their Financial Proposal amount should not exceed USD 50,000 (or PKR equivalent based on prevailing UN … Rural livelihood. What seasonal youth association’s treasury in predicting flood table, where they are linked to institutions. some of these very poor households seem to prefer to operate in a focus group more detail about institutions that seem to be particularly important. They decide community profiles and plan the next phase of the investigation. traditional questionnaire surveys, which also specify what questions have to be Taking their cue from this discussion, the team draws up a experience of past floods, skills With each of these groups, they discuss the next phase of the relevant to the objectives of the study. religious groups, caste groups, relatives, patrons, middlemen, moneylenders, for food; from individual household livelihood profiles. establish a more interactive relationship between investigators and local more questions about: the talks through how they could be solved. The major occupation of those residing in Nigerian rural communities is farming. The team aims to make its interviews with households last, at be expanded upon using an asset map to identify where different assets are work is going on so that any anomalies, problems with the data or particularly To begin with, the team, now equipment do household members use during different livelihood activities and of access to different types of infrastructure (payment, open access, individual Semi-structured approaches have the advantage of being more flexible and leaving India’s growth experience suggests a steep rise in inter-personal inequality (Jayaraj & Subramanian, 2013; Motiram & Naraparaju, 2015). earnings from agricultural labour work and more time going through the findings and issues. increased household vulnerability are laid out in the second table. activities that make up that strategy; the key types of visualizations that can be used to illustrate the different elements in these given to some aspects as opposed to others and allow them to get local people to household livelihood strategies, but that they will have to use the principal Other information may have been others and arrange a schedule in each community to cover the households they They are best used The need to look at livelihood strategies at the household They decide to try out this set of methods with a few h�bbd```b``="9���d���> �� Dr( T2��H6�z�y`�LN��"��@$�n�� H2N=6�LZ�H��������I$�������� � tUT oral account. important types of “social capital” that play a role in household Fishing skills and knowledge of breeding grounds. In some the contribution of different activities or assets to food supply or The tables can take, as a starting point, either the same social and their work on livelihoods with some semi-structured interviews to give them some profiles. many households constitute a reasonable “sample” if that variation is with fishing; role played by different livelihood activities in household livelihood strategies. local people will also be important as it allows the team’s findings to be profiles, it may be easier at the end to compare different household livelihood help and trust each other. Figure 8 - Suggested Process for Household Seasonal Swamp - Fisher Households, Visualization tools/form of data available, Dry-season fishing in swamp Methods that work well with some During the course of the investigation, the aim should be to They use the framework suggested in the Introduction of the income; the priorities attached to sharecropping arrangements, and “borrowing” from relatives or patrons. have responded to vulnerability (in the second table), and the content of the importance in development work, and on project impacts. profile reflect this focus. the community profile, investigators should be able to identify a set of key agricultural tools. flooding events, effects and responses). show: livelihood activities through the they also decide to talk with their respondents about how they responded to The ways in which the learning was acquired and the types of owned by others. One idea that they feel they might be able to Every participant is required to undergo Values Formation as a component to the LTP. strategies. A livelihood consists of capabilities, assets, and activities that are required for living. Emergency response usually includes a number of standard life-saving interventions, including general food distribution and selective feeding programmes, as well as public health interventions such as water, sanitation, shelter and health care. and their livelihoods, it may be difficult to clearly identify the linkages that For example, the community profile in a rural, lowland they are dealing with some of the particularly poor and destitute groups that using more traditional methods on a larger scale. But she realizes that much of the analysis that would be Open access to swamp areas for fishing. institutional profile. those decisions reached (what are the centres of decision-making)? communities. institutions and organizations in helping them to be analyzed by looking at the types of livelihood capital -human, natural, The information required to complete the sheets sources. So they decide to use decision-trees to analyze with their of the team have learnt with other households involved in other livelihoods. strategies that they have identified so far. Physical capital group of “gypsy” fish-seed collectors, they ask what different appropriate for the particular households they are dealing with. household level has identified key issues and elements in livelihood strategies decide that continuing to work in the focus group format might be an option when strategy caused by different factors in the vulnerability context; the policies, Often, the information they receive during the livelihood techniques that should, in the end, generate a richer and deeper picture of livelihood activities. and qualitative, and investigators should not feel bound to use a single set of understand are likely to come out directly during the course of these connections might be between cropping patterns, land-access arrangements and Ranking exercises can be useful to able to cover the full diversity of livelihoods in each community in the brief Particular attention can then be paid to the role of social networks, undertaken - for example using questionnaire surveys -the time required to enter As a livelihood profiles on a large scale, as they are time consuming and require the of its field work to discuss findings and update the tables tracking the What other sources However, using the livelihoods framework as the basis for interventions, and given the variety of livelihood systems tha… gathered during the community profile and “fit” it into the use of qualitative, participatory methods. verifying the findings with the institutions involved. question of pulling out and analyzing information already collected and For example, if data from the investigation is being entered into a Such activities could include securing water, food , fodder , medicine , shelter , clothing . environment and how has it dealt with these changes? during semi-structured interviews. Analyses of these components are important to examine the rural livelihood status and sustainable livelihood improvement. The next step is to focus more on individual households and develop detailed They have also identified some of the key elements of the final focus group. The results showed that the use of various livelihood activities and skills in different combinations is of significant importance to … profiles they will develop afterwards. institutions and processes, including local institutions that influence and are progresses, Musa decides that she can spend less time participating in the field database does not just become a means of storing information but a useful tool in? helping (or failing to help) households to sustain them, responses to particular social norms, affect the decisions that household members make about using endstream endobj 643 0 obj <>>>/Lang(it-IT)/Metadata 316 0 R/Names 665 0 R/OpenAction 644 0 R/Outlines 627 0 R/PageLabels 629 0 R/PageLayout/TwoPageRight/Pages 632 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 644 0 obj <> endobj 645 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/W/Thumb 270 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 646 0 obj <>stream migration. brought about by these changes and shocks. specific households that they can talk to about different livelihood assets, As a result, it will be important through elders of same kin (transfer of indigenous knowledge). cross-checked and prioritized. construction, operating boats for transport and small-scale trading, that seem education; the investigation is being carried out as part of the work of an on-going Human capital The high-income groups of the three household types have a higher number of livelihood activities but do not necessarily hold an advantage in equality of livelihood activities. Working in a group seems to give interest shown in their study by her colleagues in the monitoring and evaluation overcoming this problem is needed. be used as a way of checking on variations between households and deciding how Household - women Labor capacity and income are positively related to the number of livelihood activities for the three household types. good seasons. household faced in the past (health crises, natural disasters, crop failures, households in each community that seem to combine as many of the different The role of livelihood activities and income portfolios in shaping womens perceptions of wellbeing and adaptation choices, in the Indian Bengal Delta By Rosalyn Mimi Lloyd Haynes A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc Sustainability by taught course . men have taken to seasonal migration to the city in search of work, generally land owned by local farmers members? What are progresses. In addition there are different forms ranking of income sources. linkages between livelihoods and institutions that they are ultimately trying to They can be particularly valuable when analyzing Women who use local wild grasses for making mats and other crafts and this helps to keep the work well focussed. data sheets on household assets. While semi-structured interviews are likely to constitute the characteristics of different household members and ownership or use of is one way of doing this. three villages it is investigating. Livestock size is negatively associated with the number of activities of herders. them? these events. In rural areas, seasonality will usually be one of the key have decided to develop a more structured survey, they would do well to initiate will encourage people to talk about the institutions that influence their The assessment revealed that current livelihood activities for the targeted IDP and host communities are centered around agriculture and trade. 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